{"id":6137,"date":"2022-11-10T18:39:47","date_gmt":"2022-11-10T21:39:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/categoriaoutros.com.br\/?p=6137"},"modified":"2022-11-11T10:47:26","modified_gmt":"2022-11-11T13:47:26","slug":"mariadb-e-mysql-usando-a-clausula-group-by","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/categoriaoutros.com.br\/?p=6137","title":{"rendered":"MariaDB e MySQL: Usando a Cl\u00e1usula GROUP BY"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A cl\u00e1usula group by<\/strong> agrupa as linhas de um resultado em grupos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

group by<\/strong> \u00e9 frequentemente usada com fun\u00e7\u00f5es como count(), min(), max(), sum() e avg() para encontrar propriedades de grupos, como o n\u00famero de elementos (count), o total de valores (sum), o elemento m\u00e1ximo (max), o elemento m\u00ednimo (min) e a m\u00e9dia dos elementos (avg). Chamamos a essas fun\u00e7\u00f5es de fun\u00e7\u00f5es de agrega\u00e7\u00e3o por serem fun\u00e7\u00f5es que trabalham dando resultados a um conjunto(agrega\u00e7\u00e3o) de itens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sintaxe de Uso do GROU BY<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

O seguinte ilustra a sintaxe da cl\u00e1usula group by<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

select\n    lista_campos\nfrom\n    nome_tabela\ngroup by\n    coluna1, coluna2,...;\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Nesta sintaxe, a cl\u00e1usula group by<\/strong> agrupa linhas em grupos e a fun\u00e7\u00e3o agregada<\/em> \u00e9 aplicada a cada grupo para retornar a linha de resumo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tabelas que Usaremos nos Exemplos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Usaremos as tabelas de countries<\/strong> e regions<\/strong> do banco de dados nation. Esse \u00e9 um banco que baixamos nesse artigo:  MariaDB e MySQL: Baixando Exemplo de Banco de Dados<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Estrutura da Tabela countries:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
MariaDB [nation]> desc countries;\n+---------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+\n| Field         | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |\n+---------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+\n| country_id    | int(11)       | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |\n| name          | varchar(50)   | YES  |     | NULL    |                |\n| area          | decimal(10,2) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |\n| national_day  | date          | YES  |     | NULL    |                |\n| country_code2 | char(2)       | NO   | UNI | NULL    |                |\n| country_code3 | char(3)       | NO   | UNI | NULL    |                |\n| region_id     | int(11)       | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |\n+---------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Estrutura da Tabela regions:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
MariaDB [nation]> desc regions;\n+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+\n| Field        | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |\n+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+\n| region_id    | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |\n| name         | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |\n| continent_id | int(11)      | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |\n+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Exemplos SQL Usando GROUP BY<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
#1 usando group by<\/strong> com a fun\u00e7\u00e3o count() <\/strong>para obter o n\u00famero de pa\u00edses em cada regi\u00e3o. Exemplo, na regi\u00e3o 1 temos 24 pa\u00edses, na 2 temos 14….<\/p>\n\n\n\n
select region_id, count(country_id) from countries group by region_id;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
MariaDB [nation]> select region_id, count(country_id)  from countries group by region_id;\n+-----------+-------------------+\n| region_id | count(country_id) |\n+-----------+-------------------+\n|         1 |                24 |\n|         2 |                14 |\n|         3 |                 9 |\n|         4 |                15 |\n|         5 |                18 |\n|         6 |                14 |\n|         7 |                10 |\n|         8 |                 5 |\n|         9 |                 5 |\n|        10 |                 9 |\n|        11 |                20 |\n|        12 |                17 |\n|        13 |                10 |\n|        14 |                 8 |\n|        15 |                 5 |\n|        16 |                11 |\n|        17 |                 5 |\n|        18 |                 8 |\n|        19 |                 7 |\n|        20 |                 7 |\n|        21 |                 3 |\n|        22 |                 5 |\n|        23 |                 7 |\n|        24 |                 2 |\n|        25 |                 1 |\n+-----------+-------------------+\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Acima o group by<\/strong> divide os pa\u00edses por regi\u00f5es e ent\u00e3o a fun\u00e7\u00e3o count() \u00e9 aplicada a cada regi\u00e3o para retornar o n\u00famero de pa\u00edses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
#2 Acima ficou um pouco confuso por haver apenas n\u00fameros. Para tornar o resultado mais significativo, voc\u00ea pode usar join<\/a><\/strong> para unir a tabela countries \u00e0 tabela de regions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
select regions.name, count(country_id) from countries inner join regions
using(region_id) group by regions.name;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
MariaDB [nation]> select regions.name,  count(country_id)  from countries inner join regions\nusing(region_id) group by regions.name;\n+---------------------------+-------------------+\n| name                      | count(country_id) |\n+---------------------------+-------------------+\n| Antarctica                |                 5 |\n| Australia and New Zealand |                 5 |\n| Baltic Countries          |                 3 |\n| British Islands           |                 2 |\n| Caribbean                 |                24 |\n| Central Africa            |                 9 |\n| Central America           |                 8 |\n| Eastern Africa            |                20 |\n| Eastern Asia              |                 8 |\n| Eastern Europe            |                10 |\n| Melanesia                 |                 5 |\n| Micronesia                |                 7 |\n| Micronesia\/Caribbean      |                 1 |\n| Middle East               |                18 |\n| Nordic Countries          |                 7 |\n| North America             |                 5 |\n| Northern Africa           |                 7 |\n| Polynesia                 |                10 |\n| South America             |                14 |\n| Southeast Asia            |                11 |\n| Southern Africa           |                 5 |\n| Southern and Central Asia |                14 |\n| Southern Europe           |                15 |\n| Western Africa            |                17 |\n| Western Europe            |                 9 |\n+---------------------------+-------------------+<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
#3 podemos usar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o sum()<\/strong> para somar.  Abaixo usamos sum()<\/strong> para calcular a \u00e1rea total de pa\u00edses em cada regi\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
select regions.name, sum(area) from countries inner join regions using(region_id) group by regions.name order by area desc;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
MariaDB [nation]> select regions.name, sum(area) from countries inner join regions using(region_id) group by regions.name order by area desc;\n+---------------------------+-------------+\n| name                      | sum(area)   |\n+---------------------------+-------------+\n| Antarctica                | 13132101.00 |\n| Eastern Asia              | 11774482.00 |\n| Australia and New Zealand |  8011939.00 |\n| South America             | 17864926.00 |\n| Northern Africa           |  8524703.00 |\n| Central Africa            |  6612667.00 |\n| Southern and Central Asia | 10791130.00 |\n| Southern Africa           |  2674778.00 |\n| British Islands           |   313173.00 |\n| Western Africa            |  6138338.00 |\n| Eastern Europe            | 18814094.00 |\n| Western Europe            |  1108456.50 |\n| Middle East               |  4820592.00 |\n| Baltic Countries          |   175117.00 |\n| Nordic Countries          |  1321901.00 |\n| Southern Europe           |  1316392.40 |\n| Eastern Africa            |  6299891.00 |\n| Central America           |  2479532.00 |\n| Melanesia                 |   540774.00 |\n| Southeast Asia            |  4494801.00 |\n| Micronesia                |     3102.00 |\n| Polynesia                 |     8463.00 |\n| Caribbean                 |   234423.00 |\n| North America             | 21500515.00 |\n| Micronesia\/Caribbean      |       16.00 |\n+---------------------------+-------------+<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
#4 aqui usaremos group by com a fun\u00e7\u00e3o min() para encontrar as menores \u00e1reas dos pa\u00edses em cada regi\u00e3o<\/p>\n\n\n\n
select regions.name, min(area) from countries inner join regions using(region_id) group by regions.name order by regions.name;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
MariaDB [nation]> select regions.name, min(area) from countries inner join regions using(region_id) group by regions.name order by regions.name;\n+---------------------------+-----------+\n| name                      | min(area) |\n+---------------------------+-----------+\n| Antarctica                |     59.00 |\n| Australia and New Zealand |     14.00 |\n| Baltic Countries          |  45227.00 |\n| British Islands           |  70273.00 |\n| Caribbean                 |     96.00 |\n| Central Africa            |    964.00 |\n| Central America           |  21041.00 |\n| Eastern Africa            |     78.00 |\n| Eastern Asia              |     18.00 |\n| Eastern Europe            |  33851.00 |\n| Melanesia                 |  12189.00 |\n| Micronesia                |     21.00 |\n| Micronesia\/Caribbean      |     16.00 |\n| Middle East               |    694.00 |\n| Nordic Countries          |   1399.00 |\n| North America             |     53.00 |\n| Northern Africa           | 163610.00 |\n| Polynesia                 |     12.00 |\n| South America             |  12173.00 |\n| Southeast Asia            |    618.00 |\n| Southern Africa           |  17364.00 |\n| Southern and Central Asia |    298.00 |\n| Southern Europe           |      0.40 |\n| Western Africa            |    314.00 |\n| Western Europe            |      1.50 |\n+---------------------------+-----------+<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
#5 agora veremos quais as maiores \u00e1reas em cada regi\u00e3o<\/p>\n\n\n\n
select regions.name, max(area) from countries inner join regions using(region_id) group by regions.name order by regions.name;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
MariaDB [nation]> select regions.name, max(area) from countries inner join regions using(region_id) group by regions.name order by regions.name;\n+---------------------------+-------------+\n| name                      | max(area)   |\n+---------------------------+-------------+\n| Antarctica                | 13120000.00 |\n| Australia and New Zealand |  7741220.00 |\n| Baltic Countries          |    65301.00 |\n| British Islands           |   242900.00 |\n| Caribbean                 |   110861.00 |\n| Central Africa            |  2344858.00 |\n| Central America           |  1958201.00 |\n| Eastern Africa            |  1104300.00 |\n| Eastern Asia              |  9572900.00 |\n| Eastern Europe            | 17075400.00 |\n| Melanesia                 |   462840.00 |\n| Micronesia                |      726.00 |\n| Micronesia\/Caribbean      |       16.00 |\n| Middle East               |  2149690.00 |\n| Nordic Countries          |   449964.00 |\n| North America             |  9970610.00 |\n| Northern Africa           |  2505813.00 |\n| Polynesia                 |     4000.00 |\n| South America             |  8547403.00 |\n| Southeast Asia            |  1904569.00 |\n| Southern Africa           |  1221037.00 |\n| Southern and Central Asia |  3287263.00 |\n| Southern Europe           |   505992.00 |\n| Western Africa            |  1267000.00 |\n| Western Europe            |   551500.00 |\n+---------------------------+-------------+<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
#6 vamos ver agora qual a \u00e1rea m\u00e9dia de cada regi\u00e3o, para isso usaremos a fun\u00e7\u00e3o avg()<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
select regions.name, avg(area) from countries inner join regions using(region_id) group by regions.name order by area desc;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
MariaDB [nation]> select regions.name, avg(area) from countries inner join regions using(region_id) group by regions.name order by area desc;\n+---------------------------+----------------+\n| name                      | avg(area)      |\n+---------------------------+----------------+\n| Antarctica                | 2626420.200000 |\n| Eastern Asia              | 1471810.250000 |\n| Australia and New Zealand | 1602387.800000 |\n| South America             | 1276066.142857 |\n| Northern Africa           | 1217814.714286 |\n| Central Africa            |  734740.777778 |\n| Southern and Central Asia |  770795.000000 |\n| Southern Africa           |  534955.600000 |\n| British Islands           |  156586.500000 |\n| Western Africa            |  361078.705882 |\n| Eastern Europe            | 1881409.400000 |\n| Western Europe            |  123161.833333 |\n| Middle East               |  267810.666667 |\n| Baltic Countries          |   58372.333333 |\n| Nordic Countries          |  188843.000000 |\n| Southern Europe           |   87759.493333 |\n| Eastern Africa            |  314994.550000 |\n| Central America           |  309941.500000 |\n| Melanesia                 |  108154.800000 |\n| Southeast Asia            |  408618.272727 |\n| Micronesia                |     443.142857 |\n| Polynesia                 |     846.300000 |\n| Caribbean                 |    9767.625000 |\n| North America             | 4300103.000000 |\n| Micronesia\/Caribbean      |      16.000000 |\n+---------------------------+----------------+<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
A cl\u00e1usula group by agrupa as linhas de um resultado em grupos. group by \u00e9 frequentemente usada com fun\u00e7\u00f5es como count(), min(), max(), sum() e avg() para encontrar propriedades de grupos, como o n\u00famero de elementos (count), o total de valores (sum), o elemento m\u00e1ximo (max), o elemento m\u00ednimo (min) e a m\u00e9dia dos elementos…<\/p>\n
Read More “MariaDB e MySQL: Usando a Cl\u00e1usula GROUP BY”<\/span> »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6195,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1331,16],"tags":[2811,2814,2815,2813,2812],"class_list":["post-6137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-banco-de-dados","category-informatica-dicas","tag-agrupando-valores-com-group-by-no-mysql-e-mariadb","tag-mariadb-group-by","tag-mysql-group-by","tag-select-com-group-by","tag-usando-group-by-no-sql"],"yoast_head":"\nMariaDB e MySQL: Usando a Cl\u00e1usula GROUP BY - Categoria Outros<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"group by \u00e9 frequentemente usada com fun\u00e7\u00f5es como count(), min(), max(), sum() e avg() para encontrar propriedades de grupos, como o n\u00famero de elementos (count), o total de valores (sum), o elemento m\u00e1ximo (max), o elemento m\u00ednimo (min) e a m\u00e9dia dos elementos (avg). 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